NDP3 is based on a motor skills learning approach, with a particular emphasis on motor programming skills.

The main focus is on speech output, but input and representational levels of speech processing are also recognised.

It can be described as a “bottom up” approach, in that the aim is to “build” accurate speech from core units of single speech sounds (phonemes) and simple syllables.

New motor programs for single phonemes and words of different levels of phonotactic structures are created and perfected using cues and feedback. They are established as stored representations by associating them with pictorial images and through frequent practice and repetitive sequencing exercises.

As speech is not only a motor skill, but also a linguistic medium, phonological skills are incorporated into the treatment approach through the use of worksheets organised as minimal pairs of words.

Speech skills are conceptualised as a “brick wall”, with the foundations being single consonant and vowel sounds, with accurate production being supported by speech motor skills.

Simple and more complex word level skills are then built up in layers of bricks on top of the foundations. Simple CV and VC syllables are the first layer, moving up in layers through CVCV, CVC, CVCVC and multi-syllabic words, clusters, word combinations of phrases and sentences and finally reaching the top layer of connected speech.